Styles of Distorted Thinking

Dichotomous Thinking.  Also known as Polarized, All-or-Nothing or Black-&-White Thinking.  Thinking in extremes, it's either right or wrong, with no possibility of any grey areas in between.

Filtering.  Focusing on the negative details and ignoring the positive.  As well as magnifying the negative aspects. In situations that involve both positive and negative elements, you dwell on the latter. 

Discounting.  Downplaying and disregarding the positive.  Phrases like: 'That doesn't count,'  'That wasn't good enough,' or  'Anyone could have done it.'  Sometimes humor or sarcasm is used to downplay what one feels uncomfortable about.

Catastrophizing, Awfulizing or Magnification.  Expecting disaster... 'what if this happens or that happens' and expecting the worst possible outcome.  Exaggerating the importance of problems, shortcomings, and minor annoyances. Something minor goes wrong and the assumption is that it is a major problem.  Tendency to expect the worst possible scenario.

Mind-Reading.  Assuming you know what the other person is thinking and  feeling about you or your situation.  As well as reading into their motivation and intention.  

Emotional Reasoning.   Believing that what you feel is the way things really are.. automatically.  Assuming that because you feel a certain way, that is the truth.  'I feel stupid, boring.. so I am stupid or boring.'  

'Shoulds' and 'Should-nots'.   A list of rules that everyone in the world and their families should live according to.  Also statements with 'must'  'ought to' and 'have to'   You feel enraged when others break those rules, and guilt/shame when you break them..

Also check:
optimistic vs. pessimistic thinking 
better thinking 
untwist your thinking