Examples of Violence against
Women through-out the Life Cycle
| Phase |
Type of Violence |
| |
|
| Pre-birth |
Sex-selective abortion;
effects of battering during pregnancy on birth outcomes. |
| |
|
| Infancy |
Female infanticide;
physical, sexual and psychological abuse. |
| |
|
| Girlhood |
Child marriage; female
genital mutilation; physical, sexual and psychological abuse;
incest; child prostitution and pornography. |
| |
|
| Adolescence |
Dating and courtship
violence (e.g. acid throwing and date rape) |
| |
|
| Adulthood |
Economically coerced sex
(e.g. school girls having sex with “sugar daddies” in return for
school fees); incest; sexual abuse in the workplace; rape; sexual
harassment; forced prostitution and pornography; trafficking in
women; partner violence; marital rape; dowry abuse and murders;
partner homicide; psychological abuse; abuse of women with
disabilities; forced pregnancy. |
| |
|
| Elderly |
Forced “suicide” or
homicide of widows for economic reasons; sexual, physical and
psychological abuse. |
Source:
“Violence Against Women”, WHO., FRH/WHD/97.8) in
Domestic Violence Against Women and Girls. Preliminary Edition
INNOCENTI DIGEST No.6 - May 2000
United Nations Children's Fund
Innocenti Research Centre, Florence - Italy
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